Can history help guard against pandemics?
The 16th-century painting Triumph of Death depicts an army of skeletons ravaging the Earth. In the years after the Black Death swept across Europe in the mid-14th century, successive plagues hit the continent, transforming society
AKG IMAGES/WELLCOME COLLECTION
Hear more from Jonathan Kennedy about the impact of disease on human societies on our podcast: historyextra.com/podcast
The cultivation of disease
How infections that evolved alongside agriculture wreaked havoc on ancient empires
The adoption of settled agriculture was perhaps the most important turning point in history. For 2 million years, humans had been hunter-gatherers. Then, about 12,000 years ago, as the end of the last ice age brought a warmer and more stable climate, communities in various parts of the world began to cultivate crops and domesticate animals.