Annabelle Chapman
Summer in Poland was punctuated with protests. Night after night, thousands of people bearing candles gathered outside the Supreme Court, parliament and residential palace in Warsaw. They were protesting a law that would have sacked the supreme court’s judges. More broadly, they had come out to ensure that the government respect the constitution. The symbol of the protests became a simple grey poster with the word konstytucja—constitution—printed on it, held up by Poles of all ages and varied political stripes. The word is the “lowest common denominator” capable of uniting Poles in defence of democracy, its creator, Polish artist Luka Rayski, told me.