Testosterone is part of the androgen group of hormones and is a chemical messenger that is mainly produced in the Leydig cells of the testes in men and ovaries in women, although small amounts are also produced by the adrenal glands.
Like all hormones, it works by binding to a specific receptor to create a specific effect. Aside from its role in development of the sexual organs and reproductive function, testosterone also helps build and maintain muscle mass and bone density, increases red blood cells (which carry oxygen to all the tissues) and contributes to a sense of wellbeing.
Through its interaction with the androgen receptor in the brain, testosterone can influence mood and behaviour too. It also works together with other hormones, such as the growth hormone and insulin growth factor-1 and, alongside them, it is one of the ‘anabolic giants’ that can help cellular growth and repair.
All in all, testosterone is more than just the hormone for libido and muscle mass optimisation, with many roles in wellbeing that are yet to be fully appreciated. Testosterone levels in men decrease by 1% per year; in women, testosterone levels can decrease sharply around menopause, when ovarian function ceases.
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March 2024
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