There are essentially four sharpening tools and techniques that you need to know. These are the Camera Raw Detail Panel, the Unsharp Mask filter, the Smart Sharpen filter and the High Pass method. There also are a couple of useful selective sharpening tools: the Sharpen tool in Photoshop and the Adjustment Brush in Camera Raw and Lightroom. Rudimentary filters like Sharpen, Sharpen Edges and Sharpen More might give decent results, but the lack of control makes them redundant compared with these more advanced tools.
The Detail Panel in Camera Raw and Lightroom houses an array of simple yet powerful sharpening sliders. Alt-drag any of the Sharpening, Radius, Detail and Masking sliders for a black-and-white view that can make it easier to judge.