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The Gong of History; Or, What Is a Human?

EVERY GREAT HISTORICAL EPOCH in the freedom struggle raises the question: what is a human? The answer changes, to quote Askia Muhammad Toure of the Revolutionary Action Movement, with “the Gong of History.” Amid all the confusing din of history, a note may sound that makes it audible and intelligible.

Yet the answer is always contested, and it may be lost in ideological noise. For instance, five hundred years ago, with the slaughter of millions of Native Americans, with the witch-burnings and demonization of women, with the voyages to Africa and the commencement of the Atlantic slave trade, the ideology of humanism functioned to cover up these crimes. French surrealists of the early twentieth century denounced Western humanism as justification of slavery, colonialism, and genocide in an essay called “Murderous Humanitarianism.” Walter Johnson’s critique of “the rights-based notion of the human being at the heart of the historiography of slavery” is part of this tradition. His broader project is to criticize the humanitarian excuses of neoliberal imperialism.

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Boston Review
Introduction
CEDRIC J. ROBINSON’S PASSING this summer at the age
Triptych
But for is always game. A man can be murdered twice
To Remake the World: Slavery, Racial Capitalism, and Justice
To Remake the World: Slavery, Racial Capitalism, and
History Matters
WALTER JOHNSON ARGUES AGAINST a triumphalist narrative
Abolition as Market Regulation
WHAT LANGUAGE SHOULD WE use when we talk about slavery?
Theories of Justice
RETHINKING OUR NOTION OF JUSTICE through the history
Racial Capitalism and the Dark Proletariat
OUR IDEA OF RACIAL CAPITALISM, as Walter Johnson explains
Reviving the Black Radical Tradition
WALTER JOHNSON IS UPSET at the state of the historiography
Putting Rights in Their Place
WALTER JOHNSON GIVES A BRACING critique of two ways
What Slavery Tells Us about Marx
Following W. E. B. Du Bois and Cedric Robinson, Walter
When Liberalism Defended Slavery
Walter Johnson demonstrates how little liberal humanism
Black Humanity and Black Power
BLACK HUMANITY IS UNEXCEPTIONAL, Walter Johnson exhorts.
This, Our Second Nadir
IT HAS BEEN WORSE. Let’s not forget “The Nadir,” as
Racial Capitalism and Human Rights
Are we not coming more and more, day by day, to making
Lake Michigan, Scene 22
And I point to the list of the names of the missing
Births of a Nation: Surveying Trumpland with Cedric Robinson
Births of a Nation: Surveying Trumpland with Cedric
From Good Stock / Strange Blood Dawn
Symptomatic of being a slave is to forget you’re a
Further Reading
In addition to the work of our contributors, the editors
Contributors
Dwayne Betts is a poet, memoirist, and teacher. His