What are the similarities and differences between autism and selective mutism?

By Gabrielle Perelmuter, MOT, OTR/L

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and selective mutism (SM) can significantly impact a child’s development, affecting social, emotional, and neurological well-being. A team-based, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary approach to intervention is essential.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder where an individual can have difficulties in communication and social interactions, as well as restricted or repetitive behavior patterns, interests, or activities.

Selective mutism is an anxiety disorder where a child is afraid to speak in certain social situations, despite speaking in other situations. It is the anxiety, not shyness (a character trait), that prevents consistent communication across settings.