The Danish artist Hugo Vilfred Pedersen (1870-1959) studied at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen but afterwards spent 12 years travelling around Asia.
His tour of what was then known as the Dutch East Indies provided the illustrations for his 1902 publication Durch den Indischen Archipel.
A number of his surviving works depict characters and personalities at the Surakarta Palace in Java. One of them was an oil on canvas portrait of an Indonesian prince titled Emperor Toewan Soesoehoenan of Soerakarta.