From the astronauts’ suits to a Moon-orbiting station, how will the latest technology assist the Moon missions?

aunch

The launch rocket is responsible for the all-important task of firing the capsule and crew into space. The Space Launch System (SLS) is NASA’s new rocket designed for human space travel beyond Earth’s orbit. Having to travel almost 1,000-times farther than those headed for the ISS, it is designed to reach speeds of 40,000 kilometres per hour. Approximately eight minutes after launch, the core stage falls away and the astronauts can continue with their journey to the Moon.

Travel technology

The Orion spacecraft that will deliver astronauts to the Moon is designed to have the lowest mass possible, while still being strong enough to withstand the conditions of space. This will enable the capsule to carry the astronauts and their equipment using minimal fuel.

Gateway to the Moon

For exploration of another celestial body, astronauts need a station to call base camp. The Lunar Gateway will serve this purpose. Orbiting the Moon, Orion will be launched to synchronise with the path of this station. When the spacecraft reaches the Gateway it will dock, and the astronauts can leave Orion. 

Serving a similar purpose to the ISS – but travelling in a completely different orbit – the Gateway is a place where astronauts can conduct science experiments and prepare for the main stage of their mission – the landing. Unlike the ISS, however, the Lunar Gateway will house astronauts for shorter periods, and won’t be permanently occupied. Built with return trips to the Moon beyond the initial Artemis missions and long-term human presence in mind, this component will become vital for deep-space exploration.