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6 MIN READ TIME
TIMELINE OF THE

BLACK SEA FLEET

Since its founding in 1783, Russia’s prized, powerful and instrumental naval force has remained an ominous presence in Eastern Europe
Turkish ships on fire after the Battle of Sinop, by the Russian/ Armenian painter Ivan Aivazovsky
A painting of Prince Potemkin, currently displayed in the collection of Muzeum Narodowe, Warsaw

13 May 1783

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History of War
Issue 129
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History of War
Welcome
US airmen paid a terrible price during the
FRONTLINE
WAR IN FOCUS
© Getty OKINAWA UNDER FIRE 31 May 1945
BUILDING THE FLEET
For more than two centuries Russia jealously guarded its only warm-water port, located in south-eastern Europe
THREE AGAINST ONE
Fears of an emboldened Russia trampling over Europe made France and Britain form a coalition to help the Turks seize Crimea
FROM POTEMKIN TO STALIN
The collapse of the Russian Empire and the emergence of the Soviet Union did not lessen the Black Sea’s importance in two World Wars
SOVIET DOMINION
Triumph in World War II settled any argument over who controlled the Black Sea, and with NATO at Russia’s doorstep there was a powerful incentive to militarise the whole region
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH OVER EUROPE
Sometimes called the ‘masters of the air’, American bomber crews faced terrible conditions to win the air war over occupied Europe
SIEGE OF MADRID
At the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, the Nationalist rebels marched on the capital. When the local Madrileños rose up to defend their city, they could not have imagined that their brave defence would last two-and-a-half years
MUTTERKREUZ MOTHER’S CROSS
This unusual award was introduced to boost the Third Reich’s population, as well as to imprint the warped ideals of National Socialism onto the role of motherhood. Its origins can be found in the Führer’s relationship with his own mother
DAVID LORD
His aircraft ablaze, this pilot’s decision to make a second approach to a drop zone near Arnhem earned him the RAF Transport Command’s only VC
BUFFALO SOLDIERS
AMERICA’S FORGOT TEN FRONTIER FORCE
COUNTY CLASS CRUISER
The Royal Navy’s interwar heavy cruisers were designed to protect Britain’s trade routes and fight independently across the globe
CHARLES LINDBERGH HAD RUN FOR PRESIDENT?
Could a fascist really have run for the presidency of the United States in 1940 and won?
HOMEFRONT
CHANGING OF GUARDTHE
In their new history of the Household Division, co-authors Simon Doughty and Paul de Zulueta cover over five decades of the British Army’s oldest and among its most prestigious regiments. Here they discuss what inspired them to write this new study, and how the Guards have continued to expertly carry out their ceremonial and frontline roles across the last half-century
MUSE& EVENTS
Discover life inside an infamous war machine, a newly unearthed Roman wall and the artistic spirit of post-war London
FEBRUARY 1944
To commemorate 80 years since the Second World War, History of War will be taking a look at some of the key events taking place during each month of the conflict
HAWKER
IT IS A TRAGIC IRONY THAT THE MAN WHO ‘INVENTED’ THE VERY CONCEPT OF AERIAL FIGHTING WAS ULTIMATELY TO DIE THROUGH AIR COMBAT; THAT MAN WAS MAJOR LANOE HAWKER VC
SOLDIERS DON’T GO MAD
AN ABSORBING AND MOVING STORY THAT MASTERFULLY DESCRIBES THE FRIENDSHIP OF TWO OF BRITAIN’S GREATEST WAR POETS AND THE BATTLEFIELD TRAUMA THAT BOUND THEM TOGETHER
THE ONES WHO GOT AWAY
MIGHT Y EIGHTH AIRMEN ON THE RUN IN OCCUPIED EUROPE
THE HEAVY WATER WAR
BE ATING HITLER TO THE BOMB
TARGET HONG KONG
A TRUE STORY OF US NAVY PILOTS AT WAR
SUPER HEAVY TANK GUNSIGHT
For years, an unidentified gunsight sat in The Tank Museum’s archives. New research has identified it as part of the German Maus project to build the world’s heaviest tank
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