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11 MIN READ TIME

MUTTERKREUZ MOTHER’S CROSS

This unusual award was introduced to boost the Third Reich’s population, as well as to imprint the warped ideals of National Socialism onto the role of motherhood. Its origins can be found in the Führer’s relationship with his own mother WORDS DUNCAN EVANS
Images: Alamy, Getty

The Gold Mother’s Cross was bestowed on mothers of eight or more children, for replenishing the population after WWI

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History of War
Issue 129
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History of War
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US airmen paid a terrible price during the
FRONTLINE
WAR IN FOCUS
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Since its founding in 1783, Russia’s prized, powerful and instrumental naval force has remained an ominous presence in Eastern Europe
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For more than two centuries Russia jealously guarded its only warm-water port, located in south-eastern Europe
THREE AGAINST ONE
Fears of an emboldened Russia trampling over Europe made France and Britain form a coalition to help the Turks seize Crimea
FROM POTEMKIN TO STALIN
The collapse of the Russian Empire and the emergence of the Soviet Union did not lessen the Black Sea’s importance in two World Wars
SOVIET DOMINION
Triumph in World War II settled any argument over who controlled the Black Sea, and with NATO at Russia’s doorstep there was a powerful incentive to militarise the whole region
THE MIGHTY EIGHTH OVER EUROPE
Sometimes called the ‘masters of the air’, American bomber crews faced terrible conditions to win the air war over occupied Europe
SIEGE OF MADRID
At the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, the Nationalist rebels marched on the capital. When the local Madrileños rose up to defend their city, they could not have imagined that their brave defence would last two-and-a-half years
DAVID LORD
His aircraft ablaze, this pilot’s decision to make a second approach to a drop zone near Arnhem earned him the RAF Transport Command’s only VC
BUFFALO SOLDIERS
AMERICA’S FORGOT TEN FRONTIER FORCE
COUNTY CLASS CRUISER
The Royal Navy’s interwar heavy cruisers were designed to protect Britain’s trade routes and fight independently across the globe
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IT IS A TRAGIC IRONY THAT THE MAN WHO ‘INVENTED’ THE VERY CONCEPT OF AERIAL FIGHTING WAS ULTIMATELY TO DIE THROUGH AIR COMBAT; THAT MAN WAS MAJOR LANOE HAWKER VC
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