ILLUSTRATION: LESLEY BUCKINGHAM
Research shows that the more specific we can be in naming our emotions, the more we are able to deal with them. Language, Tim Lomas says, gives us a ‘map’ that enables us to ‘chart and navigate’ our experience of the world and what’s happening inside us. Dierent languages evolve within several cultural and geographic contexts, the demands and nature of which give rise to various ways of describing the experiences of those within it. As a result, ‘semantic gaps’ develop between one language and another. When we encounter a culture that has a word that can’t be directly translated, but more fully describes a familiar experience, those words are gradually absorbed into our language. Estimates suggest that 41 per cent of English words came from other countries. For example, you may have heard the Danish word hygge rather a lot in English – a deep sense of contentment, cosiness and even existential security.
There are hundreds of happiness-related words that are currently untranslatable directly into English. Here are a few that evoked thought for me: fiero – Italian for the feeling of a job well done; kintsugi – Japanese for viewing an object’s faults as beautiful and strong, and finding value in our own flaws too; aufheben – German for a form of self-transcendence where we are ‘seen through’ yet, at the same time, preserved. Or, one of my favourites: uitbuiken – Dutch for ‘outbellying’! The soporific feeling of relaxation and satiation after a meal.